Essay on Imperialism - 771 Words

Imperialism DBQ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout American History the U.S. has sought to expand its boundaries. This need increased greatly during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century with the start of the industrial revolution. This Expansion was a big departure from earlier attempts to expand the boundaries of the U.S. The needed for Natural resources forced the U.S to look for places that could supply them with the natural resources they needed and markets where they could sell their goods in. The need to imperialize caused the U.S. to look to foreign places to gain resources to better the nations industries. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Early American History the U.S. economy was based on agriculture.†¦show more content†¦expanding it boarders in the early and mid 1800’s. Throughout the world in the 1880’s there was a large need for countries to gain places where they could get natural resources. Almost every Western European Nation was in need to imperialize. Examples of this were the scramble for Africa, and the spheres of influence. The cartoonist Thomas Nast depicts this in his cartoon â€Å"The worlds plunder† which appeared in Harper’s weekly in 1885. America’s need to I imperialize was similar to that of Europe. The way the U.S. went about gaining markets was no different then what they had done before to gain land. The U.S. looked to fighting to gain land and when they saw the Cubans wanted independence from Spain the U.S. looked to help Cuba to get land in return. Throughout the war there was yellow journalism to gain support from the A merican population. Also when the USS Maine got bombed the American immediately blamed it on Spain. Years later it was found the explosion happened internally and Spain couldn’t have bombed it. The U.S. easily defeats Spain and in return for helping Cuba the U.S. gained Puerto Rico, The Philippines, and Guam. After Cuba Got there independence the U.S. wanted to keep their influence in Cuba so they passed the Platt amendment which made Cuba a protectorate and gave the U.S. a naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. It also would not let Cuba Make a treaty Without The U.S. The U.S. Justifies their actions for helping Cuba and gainingShow MoreRelatedThe Goals Of Imperialism714 Words   |  3 PagesImperialism has increased peace and stability for various areas of the world through limiting slavery, improving land distribution and promoting different political systems. The first topic that I will be addressing is slavery. The goal of imperialism was to help areas who seem â€Å"unc ivilized†, and from the start of this movement many people stated that they wanted to abolish slavery. Thomas Sowell (an american economist) once explained, â€Å"The anti-slavery movement was spearheaded by people who wouldRead MoreCauses Of Imperialism843 Words   |  4 Pagesprevious historical tension and nationalism. Supporting evidence shows that imperialism was the main and most significant factor of the outbreak of World War 1. Imperialism is defined as the domination of one country’s political, economic or cultural life by another. European countries had been establishing colonies and building empires since the late 1400’s. The period of 1850 to 1914 is often referred to as the â€Å"Age of Imperialism†, since a lot of powers used their military, technological and commercialRead MoreAmerican Imperialism797 Words   |  4 PagesAssociate Program Material Appendix A American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. Discuss why each area was important to American empire building—political, economic, and social. Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some factors that justified AmericanRead MoreImperialism in Burma1739 Words   |  7 Pagesfertile soil, and one of the healthiest climates in the tropics. Britain desired these features, so they imperialized the whole country in 1885 and imposed colonial rule throughout Burma. Imperialism is†¦ The British benefit and hurt the country in many ways, completely changing the country forever. Western imperialism in Burma was more costly than beneficial; even though the British improved and modernized education, transportation, and daily life, they also destroyed the economy, culture, and religionRead MoreBritish Imperialism1497 Words   |  6 Pagesand rule of British imperialism. What were some of the key ideas and visualizations that geographers portrayed to their empires, to understand and perceive the world and places in a more complete sense? Firstly, I am looking to go over the history of British imperialism and what co nstituted their great success. Secondly, I will be referring to the support and importance that the Royal Geographic Society served to the empire and how they attempted to conceptualize imperialism and rule over nationsRead MoreAge of Imperialism2874 Words   |  12 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: †¢ Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. (Michele Stafford) †¢ Discuss why each area was important to American empire building (political, economic, and social). - KRISTY †¢ Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some of the factors that justified American imperialist actionsRead MoreEssay on Imperialism1350 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism is often excused as a way of liberating people from tyrannical rule or by introducing the policies of a â€Å"better† way of life. It is based on the ground of a variety of causes running the gamut of economic pressures, greed, security, power, prestige, religion, and many other effective measures that can be taken given the circumstances. Arguments about the roots and virtue of imperialism can be put into four basic groups. The first is whether or not imperialism is economically beneficialRead MoreA Passage to India: Imperialism1677 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss Forster’s portrayal of Imperialism in the novel a passage to India A passage to India by E.M.Forster is a novel which deals largely with the political, economic and social takeover of India by the British Crown. The novel deals widely with colonialism and more specifically, imperialism. Forster presents the theme in question through the lives and minds of the characters from both the Indians and the English people. There is no subjective undertone to the novel and we see clearly how eachRead MoreAppendix a American Imperialism1314 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Appendix A American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. Discuss why each area was important to American empire building—political, economic, and social. Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some factors that justified American imperialist actions? Identify the currentRead MoreEssay on Imperialism in America1192 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism in America At the turn of the century, America and the views of its people were changing. Many different ideas were surfacing about issues that affected the country as a whole. 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Questions On Domestic Abuse And Domestic Violence - 913 Words

Gagnà © suggested nine events of instruction that facilitate learning. If I was and instructor attempting to lecture on the topic of domestic abuse, Gagnà © would suggest that I first need to gain the attention of my students. To do this, I will need to provide a stimulus that grabs their attention. I will show a short YouTube video that shows different men and women’s experiences with domestic violence. The video then will end with domestic violence statistics and what you can do to help someone that you feel might be a victim of domestic violence. Second, I must inform the learners of the objective so that students are aware of what they will know after learning the information and will be able to sort the information that I provide to†¦show more content†¦I will present the domestic violence content via different YouTube videos, images, bulleted lecture slides, and examples so that students are able to see the content in various ways. Fifth, I will need to provide learning guidance. In this event, I will help students organize the incoming information in a meaningful way. I can do this by modeling the information by showing demonstrations of domestic violence, providing additional visual images of the victims of domestic violence, and showing the students non-examples of domestic violence. Sixth, I will need to elicit performance. This event requires students to perform the knowledge that they have learned. To do this, I can assign students to small groups, where they will be required to collaborate with their group to build a demonstration, or example, of domestic violence. This can be done via role-play, PowerPoint, or other sources. The group work will allow students to build on their knowledge from what their peers know, as well as allow them to show that the information that I have presented to them has been internalized. Seventh, I will need to provide informative feedback to my students. I will offer this feedback by using a rubric to score their group demonstrations. The rubric will not only contain a numerical grade value, but also a comment section that I will write informative

Prisoner †Creative Writing Free Essays

At least the sun’s shining on this old decrepit prison. I can’t understand why they’ve put me in this remote room, alone. I’ve just arrived. We will write a custom essay sample on Prisoner – Creative Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the 1st of December until my last breath, you would expect to be greeted with open arms, wouldn’t you? It’s not like she didn’t deserve it†¦ Meeting our new friends will be as amusing as reading – I can’t think of anything worse. I’d rather listen to her baby wail, scream and shriek again. I sometimes wonder what happened to that baby, watching its mum suffer. Time is valuable, so I won’t waste it with those ‘freaks’, they’re all the same – worthless vermin. Well they’ll see, I have got it all planned out. Dear Jason, It’s hell here. I feel like Satan’s minion, sweeping, scrubbing, and sweating in this ‘hell-hole’. An insignificant ant challenging the irrefutable Mount Everest – each step is an anxious challenge; as for every single stride I make, I end up stumbling back. Pointless. There is a burden of anxiety and mental suffering depicted in the face of every man, as we are all pampered like peasants; especially Little Bill, he can’t defend himself so everyone takes advantage. I’ve just been placed with Derrick my new cellmate, the old fool’s fifty, twice my age; his senseless stories of driving his own crane in ‘the good old days’ shuttles you towards insanity – without mentioning his nauseating scar which runs the length of his face; my stomach convulses when I gaze upon it. Sneering when he answers ‘How did that happen?’- He fell down flight of stairs; he must think I’m mad to believe him. That’s the other problem, I can’t trust anyone – I will need to eventually though. ‘Bro’, when you next visit Mum’s grave can you leave a bunch of roses from me; she always cherished the aroma they produced: even though I still hate them. Do you know she’s the only thing that’s keeping me going? If only she hadn’t taken that job as ‘her’ assistant none of this would have happened. Mum didn’t deserve so much pressure, she was only the ‘messenger’ doing as she were told, without a wink of sleep in over two weeks a car accident was inevitable. But I have no remorse for what I did to ‘June’, revenge is sweet. Jake I am gazing through the confined window; the icy steel bars obstruct my route from death. The frenzied frost tearing at my tender hands. I’ll be out there soon, we will be free, I can smell it. Old, dilapidated and weathered; these bricks can’t withhold us. From slavering away in the kitchen at a Kings pace a few helpful utensils have been gathered; a carving knife, spoon and fork. These can be stored inside the T.V; no one would bother looking there. ‘Derrick? Where are you, idiot, get here. You’ve worked in the demolishing business for long enough; tell me, can we burst through now?’ ‘Too right son, too right.’ ‘Luckily this fork and spoon has lasted from wear, but it looks the knife won’t be needed ‘aye Del’.’ ‘It’s getting late my boy, move your rock of a bed back to its normal spot. The incessant stomping of the pigs will soon pass our cell. We must wait until dusk.’ The moon’s beams of lurid light echoed through the prison. A steely smell of anxiety overhauled the sound of the snoring from the convicts. This was nearly it. Weeks of planning boiled down to this. Thankfully, I’m fearless, this time I will get away, we will be free ‘Jimmy.’ We could go, now? Just leave Derrick; he’s someone we can’t trust anyway. We should desert him; he would soak up all the blame. Droplets of blood were dripping on the floor; my hands sore and weeping from pounding powerful punches like a boxer at the gapping hole in the corner of the cell – I only had to make it half a foot wider whilst being quiet as possible. A seed of adrenaline sprouted inside me, the round circle in the wall had subsided. It was time. Psyching myself was easy, I knew what had to be done. ‘ESCAPEE, AN ESCAPEY!’ I turn around horrified, standing still paralyzed. Derrick? ‘No it can’t be, y-you set me up?!’ Glaring him straight in the face – I had no choice†¦ How to cite Prisoner – Creative Writing, Papers

Behaviour for Classroom Practice Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You will Find or Create four Folio resources in response to the scenarios presented throughout the unit. Answer: Week 3 Relationship with self Prior to identify the appropriate folio or classroom resource for the given case scenario of week 3, it is essential to recognize the issue presented in the particular case. The scenario refers that a 7 year old learner is suffering from reading disabilities and consequently, the learner is losing interest in his reading class. It has been understood from the case study, that most of the time the 7 years old Gerard stumbles over the words. Moreover, he could not gear up his speed while reading as understandably his stumbling issue prevents him to read a text in a proper speed. On the other hand, due to the aforementioned issue, the child is developing cognitive issues. His lack of attention in the class and his intention to leave the class are indicative of the fact that Gerards issue of stumbling is harming his cognitive learning development. Considering the distinct issue of Gerard, it can be suggested that the learning individual is in immediate need of the AT or Assistive technology tools for reading disability. Assistive technology is considered to be most convenient for children with learning disabilities (Smith, 2015). Assistive technology is efficient for curing cognitive as well as physical impairment (Davies et al., 2013). A number of studies over the years have proven the fact that though the tools of Assistive technology do not help in eliminating learning disabilities entirely, it helps an individual in reaching out his or her potentials (Price et al., 2016). Further, it has been a proven fact that the tools of Assistive technology help an individual to capitalize his/her strengths, which would further eliminate the learning difficulties. Evaluating the case of Gerard, it can be said that the little one is in need of Sound-Field system one of the tools of AT technology in terms of a convenient folio resource. The sound-field system is one of the effective AT tools that is specifically useful for mitigating reading disabilities (Buyarski Hansen, 2015). For a classroom that requires assisting listening and reading abilities of the students, the sound-field system is found to be an essential educational resource. The aforementioned system does not only help students who have listening disabilities but also majorly them who have articulation disorders, language delays or reading development delays (Thomas-Brown et al., 2016). The evaluation of Gerards story is indicative of the fact that he has stumbling issue that is giving birth of articulation disorders and further reading development delay. With the help of the sound-field system, the learner in the case study can maximize the speed of his reading ability. The sound-filed system is implemented through a microphone that helps in projecting sounds by the mounted speakers around a class (Coleman, 2015). Through the device, Gerard can proper ly listen to every words of a lesson and in time of speaking can articulate them properly and when Gerard would gain the ability to articulate a word properly instead of his stumbling, he can speed up his reading. However, in case of Gerard, it should be kept in mind that the chosen AT tools in terms of folio resource would not help without the active guidance and humbleness from the class teacher. According to the attachment theory, cognitive and specifically learning development is a subject of attachment (Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan, 2015). It means in order to modify a students learning ability, it is important that the student should have an emotional attachment with his/her teacher, who would give the student a sense of stability (Willcut et al., 2013). Moreover, particularly for student like Gerard, the considered tool can be modified by adding a microchip or Bluetooth like device to the students, so that they can hear their own pronunciation and corrects it immediately. Week 4 Relationship with others The case study of week 4 is indicative of a possible circumstance that can take place when a child would experience family issues and isolations from his/her dear ones. Following the theory of Bandura, which is known as the social cognitive theory learning is continuous process that is dependent upon observation. According to Banduras theoretical underpinning, human behavior is strongly determined by the observation and people always learn from others through the attributes of imitation, modeling and observation (Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan, 2015). According to the case study, an eight years old girl child has suddenly become authoritative, controlling and thereafter consequently started to hate going to school. The reason behind such attitude is the sudden separation between her uncle and aunt and thereafter the subsequent detachment from her cousins. It can be contemplated that her fathers actions should be primarily blamed for her transformation into a controlling individu al as she feels detached from her father too. In the particular case of Janine, along with Banduras theory, the attachment theory can be also considered. As mentioned in the aforementioned discourse of the previous week, a fruitful cognitive and learning development can be accomplished only when a child would have emotional as well as physical attachment to at least one of his/her care giver. The case study is indicative of the fact that the childs detachment from her father is one of the major reasons for her sudden transformation. On the other hand, her controlling attitude is probably a result of any of her primary care givers. In this case, in terms of a folio resource, techniques and resources for the purpose of behavior modification would be appropriate. The scenario has not implied that she has learning or reading disabilities. It is understandable that her sudden intention for not to go to the school has been her only problem and therefore moral education, SPS or social problem solving or varied communication model would be applicable in terms of folio resource. Following the attachment theory as well as the theory of Bandura, it can be recommended that the childs behavioral issue needs to be cured by both her parents and her teachers. With the help of specifically SPS or social problem solving program the necessary behavioral modification is possible. In terms of a folio resource to accomplish the behavioral modification of Janine, the program of BHRS or the Behavioral Health Rehabilitation service can be considered. More specifically, the VBH-PA BHRS Recovery Toolkit that is a tool for the BHRS providers would be appropriate (Matson, 2013). The fundamental aim of the service of BHRS is to give treatment modality for assisting children as well as their families to acquire positive behavior. Moreover, the VBH-PA BHRS Recovery Toolkit is a convenient tool for the providers of BHRS that helps in enhancing the provision of recovery (Olson, 2015). In this context, it is required to mention that the VBH-PA BHRS Recovery Toolkit has been developed by the providers of BHRS, mental health staff and managed care stuffs of VBH-PA (Denler et al., 2014). The above-described toolkit or folio resource helps both the students and their parents for the need of behavior modification. Therefore, it is justified to suggest the toolkit for Janine and her parents, who need assistance too. Week 5- Relationship with the curriculum Week 5s case scenario beholds a behavioral disorder too like the case of week 4, whose behavioral disorder is harming the learning ability of the protagonist of the case scenario. Most significantly, similarly like the reason of isolation, here in the case scenario, the child Kurt is suffering from isolation too. It has been understood from the case study that the marginalization of the indigenous people in the north part of Australia is strongly harming the cognitive, physical as well as learning development of the indigenous children. Because of the marginalization, the child Kurt is suffering from isolation, which further leads to deteriorate his educational abilities and cognitive advancement. It has been also understood that instead of applying the positive reinforcement strategy upon Kurt, his behavioral disorder is not improving. It is because his inattentiveness in the class has not changed instead of telling him that if he can accomplish doing special work in class by doing the regular tasks in the class. It means the theoretical approach of operating conditioning is not helping the teachers to cure the problem of Kurt. Here it can be said that following the theoretical framework of operant conditioning, the teachers of Kurt can take attempt to apply the negative reinforcement, positive punishment as well as negative punishment strategies (Flores Porges, 2017). However, it is to therefore consider also that the application of the punishment and negative reinforcement may deteriorate the condition, due to which Kurt may not wish to come to school in future. Therefore, it can be said that the student Kurt needs a help that would stimulate his learning ability and at the same time would not scare him about education and learning. It should be considered here also that in terms of a folio resource, the student should have a convenient resource that would consider the fact that Kurt belongs to the section of special child. In order to engage Kurt as well as to bring his attention into the classroom, it can be said that the Visuals props will work out most conveniently. It can be anticipated that if the lessons and the tasks would gain a visible platform, Kurt may find interest in doing or engaging into them. It is a considered fact that digital learning tools have always proven successful for students of all age and they are a great source of engaging the students into the classroom education. For example, in terms of a folio resource, visual tools like digital blackboard and digital notebook may prove helpful. With the help of the visual supports, possibly Kurt can get the access to the general education curriculum and at the same time can get success with the inclusion procedure (Renkl, 2014). Week 6 An enabling learning environment The condition of Michael in the case study given in the week 6 is same with the case of week 4 to some extent. The case is about a child, unfortunately whose physical as well as cognitive development is deteriorating. From the case, it has been known that the learner individual has an anger management issue and at the same time have panic attacks and toileting issue. The primary issue found out to be the sudden separation between his parents. Following the theoretical underpinning, which has been mentioned above, it, can be said that his short temper is the probable result of the separation and possibly the anxious and disturbed behavior of his parents. As discussed above, an individuals behavior is highly observation oriented and a child generally learns what they see as well as experience around him. Besides that, the case of Michael indicates that his cognitive disturbance is harming his physical abilities, which finally is harming his educational activities. Considering the abovementioned issue of Michael, it can be said that in terms of folio resource, the child needs mindfulness application like the smiling mind. The smiling mind has been found out to be one of the top rated mindfulness applications for students, who have educational disabilities. The aforementioned mindfulness application will help Michael in overcoming his panic attacks as well as will assist him to manage his anger. The considered application in form of a folio resource will help the learner in several cases. For example, the aforementioned mindfulness application will assist the student in having breathed awareness, sitting meditation, loving kindness, passing thoughts and emotions, mountain meditation and lake meditation. Considering the present condition of Michael, all of the aforementioned attributes are required as his anger management is deteriorating his mental as well as physical health. In case of Michael, it is required to keep in mind that along with the aforementioned folio resource, there is the need for a caring assistance from a near one following the attachment theory. Henceforth, instead of being separated Michaels parents should not compromise giving careful assistance to their son. In this case, the assistance and complete help from Michaels teacher would be essential too. References Buyarski, A., Hansen, H. (2015). Additional Resources for Classroom Use.Theory Into Practice,54, 364-368. Coleman, K. (2015). Through the lens of the museum curator: Teaching compositional and digital literacies to curate a folio of process and product in art education. InRevolutionizing Arts Education in K-12 Classrooms through Technological Integration(pp. 189-218). IGI Global. Davies, P., Simon, S., Trevethan, J. (2013). Groupwork and argumentation in science: new web-based classroom resources. Denler, H., Wolters, C., Benzon, M. (2014). Social cognitive theory.Retrieved from. Flores, P. J., Porges, S. W. (2017). Group Psychotherapy as a Neural Exercise: Bridging Polyvagal Theory and Attachment Theory.International Journal of Group Psychotherapy,67(2), 202-222. Guo, K., Archard, S., Archard, S., Lees, J., Davis, K., McKenzie, R., ... Maguire, T. (2016). Culturally diverse parenting: An Australian study.Journal issue, (1). Matson, J. L. (Ed.). (2013).Handbook of behavior modification with the mentally retarded. Springer Science Business Media. Olson, M. H. (2015).An introduction to theories of learning. Psychology Press. Price, J., Johnson, L. D., Franklin, E. H. (2016). Research Instruction and Resources in the Transactional Skills Classroom: Approaches to Incorporating Research Instruction into Transactional Skills Courses. Randall, J., Whyte, M., Rameka, L., Mitchell, L., Anthony, G., Hunter, R., ... Duncan, S. (2015). Impacts and implications of early childhood education social obligations.Journal issue, (2). Renkl, A. (2014). Toward an instructionally oriented theory of example?based learning.Cognitive science,38(1), 1-37. Smith, R. M. (2015). Creating an APSA Exploring Public Issues Speakers and Classroom Resources Program.PS: Political Science Politics,48(S1), 96-99. Sommers-Flanagan, J., Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2015).Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice: Skills, strategies, and techniques. John Wiley Sons. Thomas-Brown, K., Shaffer, L., Werner, S. (2016). An Analysis of How Building a Collaborative Community of Professional Social Studies Teachers through Targeted Ambient Professional Development Impacts Social Studies Classroom Practices.Journal of Education and Training Studies,4(11), 58-72. Willcutt, E. G., Petrill, S. A., Wu, S., Boada, R., DeFries, J. C., Olson, R. K., Pennington, B. F. (2013). Comorbidity between reading disability and math disability: Concurrent psychopathology, functional impairment, and neuropsychological functioning.Journal of learning disabilities,46(6), 500-516.

The Mystery of Jack the Ripper free essay sample

Describes the mystery of Jack the Ripper and his victims. This paper is a step by step account of the murders committed by Jack the Ripper in the late 1800s. The author takes us through each one chronologically including a detailed look at the most cruel and ruthless murder, the fifth and final one. Jack the Ripper terrorized the East End of London with his heinous acts of senseless violence in the Nineteenth century. The perpetrator who committed these malicious murders in which the victims body was viciously mutilated is under speculation. By analyzing each murder, acknowledging the characteristics of the murderer, and providing a scenario, which links Prince Eddy to the murders, it establishes that he is a likely suspect to be Jack the Ripper.

Creating Data Driven Content With Susan Moeller From BuzzSumo

Creating Data Driven Content With Susan Moeller From BuzzSumo Data-driven marketing is a magnet for traffic, backlinks, and word of mouth. To produce it, you need to do some research and present it in an appealing way. In return, you’ll be able to boost the traffic to your site. Today we are talking to Susan Moeller, the business development manager at BuzzSumo. She’s going to tell us about how she finds, analyzes, and translates data for her readers. A bit about BuzzSumo and what Susan does there, as well as her marketing background and what brought her to BuzzSumo. How Susan defines data-driven content and how she uses it in her position at BuzzSumo. Why it’s important for your content’s authority to research and have sources for things you know to be true. Why using data in your content can boost backlinks and shares. How Susan determines which questions to ask to find the data that her readers are looking for. Susan’s processes for gathering, analyzing, and translating the data that she finds. Susan’s best tips for starting to create data-driven content for someone who hasn’t done it before. Links: BuzzSumo BuzzSumo Expert Webinar Series Anders Pink BloomBerryIf you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Susan: â€Å"I like to actually do the research and see what comes out of that even if the result does tell you that yes, puppies and babies are popular on Facebook.† â€Å"There’s a lot of data available to people and there are a lot of posts that are not about data. But there isn’t nearly as much content out there that is developed based on research.† â€Å"I look for patterns. I look and determine if there are any patterns that emerge.†

Clinical journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clinical journal - Essay Example Weekly skin assessment was done during shower. One of the medical doctors came to assess the new residents. Previous nurse told the doctor that the patient on Cipro did not know that it was Bactrim DS for UTI. Order was clarified by MD, but it said that it was ok if it is Cipro has to be given to empty stomach 1 hour before meals. The wound doctor came to check the wound once per week. The patient with the wound needed to be assesed was put back to bed. One patient was admitted 2 days ago with wound on the right lateral ankle. The nurse documented unstageable wound. However, during the interview, the guest informed the wound doctor, he sustained the wound because he was hit by the Hoyer lift during transfer from the previous facility. The wound doctor stated that it is not unstageable but a trauma wound. There was a confusion with the location of the wound as well. Some nurses documented left ankle, while order was stated right. Therefore, the wound doctor asked me what I would do in that situation. I told him that I would assess the patient myself to clarify the confusion and make a note on the TAR and pass on the oncoming nurse. There is no 24 hours report shift for you to read. Therefore, you have to listen carefully to the report in order not to miss anything. In-service was given to diabetic mellitus that afternoon as well. A man from Lilly, the company that makes insulin, came to conduct the in-service. The topic that was discussed is rapid acting insulin such novolog, Humalog was discussed, long acting, for example, levemir and Lantus and peak time. The staff were able to differential between the type 1 DM of the pancreas which does not procedure insulin at all, while with type 2 the body produces insulin but the body cannot properly used it efficiently. Many years ago the body did not produce insulin for instance with type 1 diabetes you die because there were no such thing as insulin to give. And now hemoglobin HA1c is done to

Ethical Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Ethical Energy - Essay Example ore selecting a method that will generate adequate power for the present, have the potential for expansion to meet future needs and is minimally damaging to the environment. Due to the large investment involved, ethical issues that may result in selection of an inappropriate source or power generation is a factor that has to be considered. This is a preliminary report for the Board of Directors of Karsson arguing for a source that will be satisfactory regarding all the parameters mentioned above. It will take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages inherent in different methods of power generation along with ethical issues that have to be taken into consideration. (Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector). Greenhouse gases are those which absorb harmful radiation that is given off by the surface of the earth after it absorbs it from the sun’s rays. â€Å"Greenhouse [GH] molecules are those that absorb terrestrial radiation, that which is emitted by the Earth’s surface as a result of the warming effect of incoming solar radiation.† (Barrett 2005, p.1037). The greenhouse gases found in the earth’s atmosphere are water (vapour), CO2 or carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. This is given in the decreasing order of absorption with ozone having the least absorption capability. (Ozone plays a major role in blocking UV and other harmful rays from the sun rather than retaining or absorbing from the earth’s surface). This absorption is important to maintain life sustaining temperature. But when levels of these gases increase (due to pollution) the heat generated is more than what is required or safe and ultimately results in the phenomenon called global warming. The chart given above shows the greenhouse emission as per sector or industry. It can be seen that the biggest contributor of greenhouse gases is from power stations. It is true that some methods of generation are more harmful than others and this will be discussed later in this

HR contributes at SYSCO Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

HR contributes at SYSCO - Case Study Example The same human resource initiative play a key role in improving work place safety, as well as save on the amounts of compensation that employees ask for. The market driven approach also has administrative roles in the preservation of entrepreneurial independence. This is concerning the issue of maintaining freedom in regional operation offices where practices can be â€Å"sold† to the offices. This can be done by convincing the managers and members of staff to adopt the said practices by evaluating the usefulness and suitability, as well as conflicts with standard operational standard in a region. Factors in human resource management influencing employee compensation include the use of survey data. This cuts back compensation claims by up to 30%. This is through interventions by human resource strategists to increase safety. In terms of employee turnover, it can be increased by applying programs and services based on data collected from managers and employees through surveys. This way output increases and cuts costs use in employee recruitment and training. In addition, the use of incentives and employee retention increased employee turnover, which in turn, translates to customer satisfaction. This works together with the experienced employees with better knowledge of operations and products of SYSCO thus improved employee

Adult learning: second languages

Adult learning: second languages The effect of age on adult’s rate of achievement in learning second language 1 Abstract This study investigated the effects of age on adult’s rate of achievement in learning second language in the case of grammar,and pronunciation. Age is one of the most important and affective factor which causes many differences in both second and first language learning. When the brain is more developed so it is better for learning second language and also adult ´s capacity for learning and memory is higher than children. Results show that adults are able to produce grammatically correct sentences compared with children but as they become older they get into some problems in communication. Asher and Price figured out a fact that the younger a child had been when entering the United States, the higher the probability of a native like accent(Asher and Price, 1967, p. 83). Introduction It is very important that older people have the ability to learn a second language, especially English because the technology of our society is going to change rapidly base on English. Learning a second language will cause them a better opportunity such as employment, studying in abroad, having a better social contact and so on.What is the relationship between age and rate of learning second language?There are numerous findings about the relative abilities or inabilities of language learners of different age. Do children learn language faster? Is it impossible for adults to achieve fluency? This paper studied the effect of age on adult’s rate of achievement of grammar,and pronunciation in learning second language. The hypothesis is that older learners are more successful than younger in some cases, not all cases.Although different type of classes(teachers-centered class and student-centered class and other characteristic will effect it but there are not our main concern in thi s study. Review of literature This article provides a selective overview of theoretical issues and empirical findings relating to the question of age and the rate of aadult†²s second language acquisition. Many empirical researches were done on the rate of second language learning and overviews of this research can be found in Asher and Price(1967), Susan Oyama (1982), Fathman (1989), Falasca (2001),Dekeyser (2002), Dunkel and Pillet (2008), Johnson and Newport (2008),and Bista (2008). Methodology This paper studied the effect of age on adult’s rate of achievement of grammar,and pronunciationin learning second language. This research was done by studying previous related research which is done by famous researches. Information gathered from articles , books and internet sources. This paper has collected the best papers related to the effect of age on adult’s rate of achievement of grammar, and pronunciationin learning second language. the following pages review more than 10 studies that are theoretically and practically studied the relationship between age and on adult’s rate of second language acquisition. Adults as learners There are many definitions of the adults as learners ,different authors focus on different perspectives. Knowles (1980), forexample, identified the following characteristics of adult learners: †¢ adults are autonomous and self-directed; they need to be free to direct themselves †¢ adults have accumulated a foundation of life experiences and knowledge that may include work-related activities, family responsibilities and previous education †¢ adults are relevancy-oriented; they must see a reason for learning something †¢ adults are more problem-centered than subject-centered inlearning †¢ adults are motivated to learn by internal factors rather thanexternal ones ( MerriamCaffarella, 1999,p 65) Grammar Many of adult second language learners pay more attention on learning grammar ,they believe in the significant relationship between grammatical accuracy and effective communication. They pay much attention to grammar because of doing office work and studying in abroad. They think by having proficiency in grammar part they will have a better social acceptance by native speakers. Adults are more aware of grammar points which they are using, that†²s why they can get these points and use them. Huangdid a research and in his study 118 Mandarin-speaking immigrants in the United States and 24 English native speakers as the baseline comparison group participated. The grammar knowledge estimated by a grammaticality judgment task. The findings showed thatthat post-puberty learners acquire second language better than pre-puberty learnersespecially in grammar part.His findings showed the method of teaching, amount of instruction and also length of residence have significant effects on learning grammar. Results revealed that adults had less difficulty in adapting to task. They are faster and made fewer mistakes, this will cause them to learn faster. And children made more mistakes at the early stages of learning. Asher and Price ( 1967) have carried out an experiment with96 students from the second, fourth and eighth grades of a school and 37 undergraduate students from a college. The subjects did not have any previous knowledge of Russian, the targeted language. After three short trainings conducted in Russian language, the results showed that the eight graders performed significantly better than the second graders and the fourth graders. They also noticed a consistently positive relationship with advancing age because of above average mental ability of the adults (p.76). A study which is done by Robert Dekeyser(2002)suggested:adult learners are more successful in learning grammar than the early-age learners(p.14). Learning grammar is sometimes abstract, that†²s why it is hard for children to get the point. Most of the time, children memorize it.The findings show that grammar is somehow boring for adults but they get to this conclusion that learning grammar is necessary and effective. Adults are more reliance on writing and they know about the value of grammar in writing, so they get it more serious. Pronunciation Researchers of SLA interested in assessing phonological skills of learners suggest a common belief that younger learners acquire a native like accent in the target language. Dunkel and Pillet compared the proficiency in French between elementary school pupils and beginning students of French from the university. They found that the younger learners’ pronunciation was better than that of the older ones. However, in both written and aural tests, the university students had better performance than the younger ones.(Bista,2008, p.8) Asher and price examined acquisition of pronunciation of 71 Cuban immigrants to California. The subjects were of aged groups from seven to 19 years. The majority of them had been in the United States for about five years. They concluded that â€Å"not one of the 71 Cuban subjects was judged to have American native pronunciation† (Asher and price, 1967, p. 83). They also figured out a fact that the younger a child had been when entering the United States, the higher the probability of a native like accent. In the study which is done by Susan Oyama (1982) 60 maleItalian immigrants were studied .They were at the age of 6 to 20 when they had come to the united states. Susan Oyama pointed out that the age is an important factor in order to have a native like accent. She declared that the younger the better in having an acceptable accent. She also pointed out her results about listening comprehension as follows: †¦those subjects who began learning English before age 11 showed comprehension score similar to those of native speakers, whereas later arrivals did less well; those who arrived after the age of 16 showed markedly lower comprehension scores than the native (Oyama, 1982, p. 23). Susan Oyama suggested (1982):The young learners are considered fluent in communication of the second language and achieve native like accent .Learners after the age of puberty do not acquire native like accent of a second language but have complex learning pattern.Research suggests that children and adults L2 learners pass through different developmental states ( p 12). Johnson and Newport ( 2008) found: native-like language abilities and the performance levels are lower in older children than younger in a study of forty-six Chinese and Koreans speakers(p.13). In another study, Fathman (1989) tested oral proficiency in English on 20 children and 20 adults in a formal setting in Mexico. Their finding also brought a similar conclusion that the children scored better in English pronunciation than the adults but the adults scored better than the children in syntax(p.32). Learning and technology As we know adults are more capable to use technology in order to improve and using technology can help learners to study faster, especially adults. Integrating technology in instruction for adult Englishlanguage learners may offer the flexibility to extend that available in a formal program and thus increase opportunities for language and literacy learning(Cummins, 2007, p. 26). Adult learners access to online learning more than others. Online learning is entirely Internet-based. This opportunity ables English learners to learn anywhere,any time. Electronic tools and internet which is used in teaching and learning motivate students to learn and become actively independent learners, this will happen for adults more than children. As we know adults have more problem in communication but internet can provides learners with opportunities to reinforce their learning skills, self-assessment, and their communication with the world. Some other effects of aging on learning: 1.as people become older they eyesight will become weak and this will affect the capacity for learning of the adults 2.changes in nuclear family roles,changes in other family roles and changes in work roles will affect on adults learning(Falasca, 2001, p.3) 3.Motivation to learn: Adults can be ordered into a classroom but nobody can force them to learn. Any adults who see a need or have a desire to know a new thing seems more successful. Conclusion A group of researchers including Singleton and Oyama believed that the young learners have higher learning potentiality than the adults whereas Johnson and Newport, Dekeyser, Asher and Price, opined the opposite. Thus the results of this study in general support that younger adults are better learner especially in pronunciation and there is a high level of opportunity to achieve to native like accent but we should consider that the amount of repetitions and also the length of resistance have much effect on having native like accent, on the other hand older adults are better in understanding grammar. When the brain is more developed so it is better for learning grammar, this is because of the fact that adult ´s capacity for learning and memory is higher than children . The findings showed that that post-puberty learners acquire second language better than pre-puberty learners especially in grammar part. In learning grammar, there is a consistently positive relationship with advancing age because of above average mental ability of the adults. Learning grammar is sometimes abstract, that†²s why it is hard for children to get the point. Also all of the tools which is available in the market, sources which is available in the internet, and software can help a lot older adult than younger adult in learning second language. We should consider that the main problem of adult is that in most cases they can not become lifelong learners.Age is not everything in second language learning. However, factors related to the age, for example the learning opportunities, the motivation to learn, individual differences, and learning styles, are also important determining variables that affect the rate of second language learning in various developmental stages of the learners. References: Asher, J. J., Price, B. S. (1967). The learning strategy of a total physical response: Some age differences. Child Development, 38, 1219-1227. Bialystok,E.(1997).The structure of age: In search of barriers to second language acquisition. Second language research,13(2),116_137. Bista,K.(2008).Age as an effective factor in second language acquision. The journal of English for Specific Purposes World.Issue 5 (21).Retrieved fromwww.esp-world.info/Articles_21/Docs/Age.pdf Birdsong, D. (2006). Age and second language acquisition and processing: A selective overview. Language Learning, 56 (1), 9-49. Cummins, J.(2007). Cognitive/academic language proficiency, linguistic interdependence, the optimum age question and some other matters.Working Papers on Bilingualism, 19,197-205. DeKeyser, R.(2002).The robustness of Critical Period effects in second language acquisition. Studies in second language Acquisition,22(4),499-533. Fathman, A. (1989). The relationship between age and second language productive ability. Issues in second language research. London:Newbury House, 15-23. Falasca,M.(2001).Barriers to adult learning.Australian Journal of Adult learning.Volume56,number3,November2011. Retrieved from http://www.ajal.net.au/barriers-to-adult-learning-bridging-the-gap/ Johnson, J. S., Newport, E.L.(2008).Critical Period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on acquisition of English as a Second Language. Cognitive Psychology. 21,60-99. Klein, W. (1986).Second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Oyama, S. (1982).The sensitive period and comprehension of speech. In Krashen, S., Scarcell, R. Long, M. (Eds.), Issues in second language research. London: Newbury House, 39-51 Singleton, D. (2002).The age factor in second language acquisition (2nd ed.). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Casino Development in Massachusetts Essay -- Casinos Gambling Governme

Casino Development in Massachusetts The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is in trouble. As the Big Dig gets closer to completion and the unemployment rate rises in the state, what are lawmakers doing to help boost the economy and close the deficit? Heading into the fiscal year 2005, Massachusetts is facing a record deficit of close to two billion dollars. Lawmakers on Beacon Hill are scrambling for solutions, but seem to be coming up empty handed. With the elections drawing nearer and nearer, and local state contenders vying for seats in the state congress getting more competitive with one another, what can Massachusetts do about this economic crisis. A number of legislators from Massachusetts seem to have a solution to help Massachusetts out of this rut, and boost the struggling economy and job market. That solution is the introduction of legalized gambling and casinos to the state of Massachusetts. The legalization of casinos in Massachusetts would provide the state huge tax profits, provide thousands of jobs to a strug gling market, help boost the states lagging tourism sector, drive local business upwards through millions of new visitors each year, and provide everyone (tourists & local citizens) with quality entertainment. Throughout the twentieth century, legalized gambling has become an excellent source of entertainment. Proponents of gambling argue that casinos provide an outstanding source for job opportunities, direct revenue to state and local governments through taxes and fees, and increased tourism in the surrounding areas. Opponents of the controversial gambling topic focus on the attraction of an unwanted crowd, increased crime rate, and traffic congestion on state and local roadways. Both United States citizens and foreign tourists who want to experience the glitz and glamour of gambling can travel to remarkable Las Vegas or Atlantic City. For many years, Nevada and New Jersey were the headquarters of gambling in North America. However, the corporate gambling world got a facelift on February 15, 1992, when a new casino opened in the New England area that would change the entire legalized gambling world forever. This casino would become the most â€Å"fantastic† gambling venue in the w orld. A Whole New Ballgame Foxwoods Resort and Casino, developed by the Mashantucket Pequot Indian Nation, has grown from a small casino to the largest casino i... ... Gives information regarding recent votes and recent legislative moves that directly effect the gaming movement. Van Voorhis, Scott (2004). Gambling biz betting change is for better. Boston Herald. http://news.bostonherald.com/localRegional/view.bg?articleid=46327ain Discusses recent moves by Thomas Finneran (Fmr. Speaker of the House), which has a major effect on the issue at hand. References (cont.) Gambling Magazine Online. (2003) (http://www.gamblingmagazine.com/managearticle.asp?C=280&A=8441 ) Discusses spending that is happening in Massachusetts to help push casinos to the state. http://www.foxwoods.com Gives General information regarding the casino itself, facilities, and services. Used for a variety of data and information. The Center for Business and Economic Research ,University of Nevada, Las Vegas (2004). Metropolitan Las Vegas Tourism Statistics. http://www.unlv.edu/Research_Centers/cber/tour.html Provides statistical data for tourism in Las Vegas area. http://www.02133.org/issue.cfm?ID=10 Gives good background information regarding the Massachusetts casino movement specifically and also presents good facts and data.

Big Brothers, Big Sisters Essay

Big Brothers, Big Sisters is a prevention program, which enhances the socialization of children through paying attention to their psychological and physical development and increasing their feeling of â€Å"being included† into community and school environment. Due to the fact that the project is mostly directed to planning interesting leisure and education-related activities for minors, it can be interpreted as prevention program, as it creates a friendly and harmonious environment which encourages and reinforces the child’s self-esteem through establishing a symmetric communication between the minor and adult and teaching important social skills. As for me, I believe that the program is effective, as it deals mostly with three important predictors of deviance and crime – absence of developing and diversified pastime, lack of engagement with community activities and academic failure (and the consequent loss of interest in education) in schoolchildren. In addition, the relevant study, provided by the website, demonstrates the following results: â€Å"Researchers found that after 18 months of spending time with their Bigs, the Little Brothers and Little Sisters were: – 46% less likely to begin using illegal drugs; – 27% less likely to begin using alcohol; – 52% less likely to skip school; – 37% less likely to skip a class; – more confident of their performance in schoolwork; – one-third less likely to hit someone† (at http://www. bigbrooc. org/html/our_impact. html, 2007). There are three major curriculums, designed within the program. First of all, there is a set of community-based activities, which take place once a month. The community volunteers encourage the participants to do sports, play intellectual games, have meals together or simply take walks in the park. Group-based mentoring program includes monthly meeting of Big and Little Brothers and Sisters and learning new and unusual types of sports, associated with team playing. For instance, the participants do kayaking, play miniature golf or team bowling. All these sports are aimed at improving the children’s concentration, dexterity, ability to plan and make joint decision within the team; as one knows from developmental psychology, the progress of physical skills is particularly sensitive to influences at teen age, when the person is actively growing. The complex of school-based activities comprises weekly sessions, during which the minors are assisted in their home assignments. The major advantage of this program, which actually can cause in the jealousy of the similar agencies, is its image of partnership between adults and children, who receive not mentors, but friends, whose role models are more likely to be learned by minors. The typical agencies of this profile (working in the directions of prevention and diversion) more willingly involve competent specialists (in a limited number) than volunteers, so the underage target audience not always receives socialization experience and learn social skills during workshops and training. In addition, the Big Brothers Big Sisters project manages to maintain its focus on the underage audience in all points of its curriculum and stimulates the natural and healthy socialization in minors (through communication and team activities), instead of creating artificial conditions (like those in workshops and purposeful social skills training). The goals of the Big Brothers, Big Sisters project to great extent coincide with the orientation of the whole juvenile justice system. The major priority of the system is prevention of juvenile crimes and recidivism, but this goal is traditionally accomplished through enlightenment and education in the spheres of crime and punishment, drug addiction and alcohol use. The efforts of the program, on the other hand, are directed to improving the minors’ physical and psychological health and helping them establish friendly contact with the environment. This model is often neglected by the juvenile justice system, so it would be beneficial to introduce the program under the management of the network of government institutions, responsible for delinquency prevention, as the idea of healthy and natural socialization is likely to become a new direction in the functioning of the juvenile justice system and the unity of accountability will provide courts will more comprehensive information about the children. In addition, the program will also demonstrate success in the field of diversion. Finally, the program will correct the official and formalized image of the juvenile justice system and break the stereotype of the â€Å"punishing institution†. The major strength of the program is its positivist approach to prevention, which includes strengthening the minors’ social and psychological potential rather than intimidating schoolchildren about the adversities, associated with delinquency and illicit drug use. The project embraces community work, group work and school work, so that the major environments, in which the children operate, are influenced and to some extent altered. The ultimate goal in this sense is the development of the sense of inclusion into all these environments in the participants. On the other hand, the program lacks one important components, which is family-based work. As the website suggests, the underage participants originate from the households, where domestic violence and alcohol use are practiced. With respect to the fact that behavior models, learned in the family, are to certain degree determinative in teenagers’ behavior, it would also be useful to establish a contact between the families and the community and arrange activities, which imply the creation of a large team, consisting of children, their parents and the Bigs. Another weakness is the lack of basic psychological education for children, as at the certain stage of their development they need theoretical knowledge of building relationships and understanding others, so the Big Brothers, Big Sisters can introduce monthly discussions of the achievements and difficulties, experienced by the participants in their relationships with coevals and adults. Reference list Big Brothers, Big Sisters of Orange County. (2007). Official website, at http://www. bigbrooc. org.

Current Network Characteristics and Components Essay

In reviewing the Kudler Intranet site it can be determined that all three Kudler offices are connected via a dedicated T3 line, set up as a bus topology. Each location is built around a 100base T, fast Ethernet environment. La Jolla serves as the home office location and the location for the main company server. The main server is an IBM blade server system C3000 with a UNIX operating system. As the main company server it runs all the corporate procurement and logistic software (SAP, ERP) and is responsible for all the print/file services, network services, company e-mail, storage control, and the internal and external web. Server backup is provided by a 10GB network-attached storage system. The retail stores are connected to the network via a point of sale server and point of sale terminals. Communications in and out of La Jolla is ported through two Cisco routers with firewalls. The La Jolla location currently has 19 VoIP phones and 19 employees. As previously stated, both the Del Mar and Encinitas locations are built around a 100base T network. Both locations have a local server which is also an IBM blade server system C3000 with a UNIX operating system. Both servers run the same services at the main company server with the exception of the corporate procurement and logistic software. Retail locations also run the same point of sales terminals. Each location currently has six employees and six VoIP phones. There are a total on 30 computers connected to the company network. Current Network Topology Each location is built on a bus topology. Each location employs 100 base T Ethernet with all stations connected via twisted pair cable. All the nodes (computers, servers, printers) are connected to the bus cable with interface connectors. Several problems come to mind with this type of network topology. Dependency on central cable in this topology has its disadvantages. If the main cable (bus) encounters some problem, whole network breaks down. A limited number of stations can be added to the network, these severely impacts future capacity growth. Performance degrades as additional computers are added or on heavy traffic periods. Data speeds can be severely impacted by an increase is users or if users are accessing the network at the same time. Also of concern with this type of topology is the possibility of higher maintenance costs and troubleshooting difficulty. Security is very low on this type of network architecture. Standards Several standards will be applicable to a project of this scope; these standards will depend upon the level of the OSI model that is being addressed. Frame relay will be used at the WAN level. IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards will be applicable with Wi-Fi certified devices. Voice over IP (VoIP) uses IP protocols and the International Telecommunication Unions ITU-T standard (H.323). References Reference Anonymous (2007) Kudler Fine Foods. Retrieved February 6, 2013, from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Kudler2/internet/index.asp Reference Anonymous (2007) Kudler Fine Foods Intranet. Retrieved February 9, 2013, from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Kudler2/intranet/index.asp

A History of Everything Including You Essay

A History of Everything Including You Essay A History of Everything Including You Essay Life is a Highway The title of the short story, â€Å"A History of Everything, Including You†, says it all; it describes a history of everything. The title has a very significant meaning behind it, which answers the narrator’s question of life and links her ideas to her own situations. From the beginning of how the earth was created until the narrator’s moments of her life, this story examines the whole world around us. This story definitely can relate to a lot of people because it discusses real life situations. However, some readers may be at different stages in their life, so they might have not experienced some of the situations the narrator went through, but eventually one might experience it. These three short pages fascinated me because life can be explained in such little words, yet it’s so complex. The history of everything in life all connects to the relationship between the narrator and her husband, which is both realistic and puts the story as a whole in a good perspective. â€Å"FIRST, THERE WAS God there was god or gods or nothing, then synthesis, space, the expanse, explosions, implosions, particles, objects, combustion, and fusion† (Page 25). This sentence is quite creative because the author describes all the discoveries before people started to evolve then it starts to lead into the marriage of the narrator. Jenny Hollowell describes the change as the narrator talks about all the years passing by and all the events she goes through. From the beginning until the end, the style of writing just impressed me because who knew life can be explained in just a few pages. Each sentence has a specific style that makes it both unique and necessary in describing this big image of life. The sentences are put in a way that the tone of each sentence makes the story so remarkable. The short simple sentences bring out more emotion to the reader about the events leading up to the narrator’s relationship. The tone definitely has a sad voice to it, but the author does a great job showing how life is also full of happiness and surprises. Jenny Hollowell, the author put the sentences in such a good format that makes the words sound so powerful, because if she didn’t otherwise the whole story would just sound like a list of things about life. â€Å"You were born. I met you through friends, and didn’t like you at first. We fought and made up and got good jobs and got married and bought an apartment and worked out and ate more and talked less† (Page 26). These sentences can be interpreted as this person who is unsatisfied with her decision to get married. I think in the beginning the narrator makes us believe she wasn’t ready to have a child, but in the end having a child wasn’t that big of a deal. The author makes the readers feel as though the narrator was feeling this pain she wasn’t planning on feeling. The tone in the beginning changes at the end because it starts off saying, â€Å"Life evolved or was created† (Page 25). You can picture the creation of life, species started to evolve and humans began naming themselves. â€Å"We are man and woman, and when we got lonely we figured out a way to make more of us† (Page 25). This sentence just describes how men and women started becoming intimate. The life of a baby is so innocent; they are born carefree and are oblivious to life. â€Å"The world seemed uncertain† (Page 27). The narrator definitely enjoyed life as a child because as she started to grow up, things changed and so did her life. Later on, it is quite apparent that the narrator and her husband were going through some problems after they had fallen in love and had a child. â€Å"The feeling was mutual, but we got use to each other† (Page 26). The author describes their relationship whether they are fighting or struggling in a negative tone, but in the end they overcome their issues. â€Å"I got depressed and you ignored me. I was sick of you† (Page 27). In life, couples may have some ups and downs, but they seem to find a way to overcome their

Legal issues for managers - ILAC assignment Essay

Legal issues for managers - ILAC assignment - Essay Example This was even with the fact that Security One Pty Ltd was not well prepared to carry out the task. After his suggestion was accepted and SIL agreed to use Security One Pty Ltd for the consultation, he informed his wife, thus making it possible for his wife to have privileged information which allowed her to buy more shares in the Security One Pty Ltd and use this as a way to enrich herself. Yet, in all this, Paul never informed the other members about the possible conflict of interest. Paul also hired employees from an informal organization which led to the firm incurring huge losses after the employees form the informal organization stole property and hard cash from SIL. In hiring the employees, he did not carry out a due diligence and only did a simple web search fro the organization. This lack of delicate care led to him not being able to know that the organization was not a formal one and that it was run by criminals. Kim gave her sister in law privileged information about the proposal to create the new power plant. Using this information, the sister in law, Judy was able to buy purchased $50,000 worth of shares in the company. Karen, despite warning by the CEO, went ahead and made decision to invest more money even after the CEO had warned that an increase in the price of coal would reduce SIL’s market competitiveness and would lead to losses. Even after the CEO’s perditions of the price of coal going up came to be true, she still went on and continued to invest more money. This led to many losses. Conclusion Under the Corporations act 2001, an officer of a firm is supposed to act in the best inters of the firm. In cases where the officer has a conflicting interest in the firm, he or she should be able to look at this issue and be able to refrain from making company decisions. Paul was in a position where he had conflicting interests with the firm he was working for. He should have told

Acoustical Characterization of Porous Materials for Automotive Research Paper

Acoustical Characterization of Porous Materials for Automotive Application - Research Paper Example There exists diversity when it comes to porous materials either artificial or natural. Sintered, steel wool, perforated materials and fiber metal are among the porous materials that have been increasingly used in automotive noise control. Following the diversity and variety of porous material characteristics, the study of porous media has proved to be wide and interesting. The review begins with outlining and comparing the models that are intended to be used in predicting the fundamental acoustical characteristics that are applicable in automotive. The paper introduces both the theoretical, empirical and numerical modeling and demonstrates how the models are used to determine the acoustic characteristics of porous materials. The analytical models indicate that the solid constituents of porous material are rigid and the fluid constituents are similar to that of a homogenous isotropic fluid that has been modified. The review also considers the acoustical characterization of porous mate rials and goes further to look at the porous materials modeling while having particular interests on porous materials that are elastic. The fundamental characteristics of porous materials are then illustrated using computational and experimental examples . Introduction In automotive, absorptive materials have various applications in different locations. Absorber pads can serve effectively in several locations such as in the door panel, pillar trim, headliner and bellow the carpet. Porous materials like fibers and foams are normally used in such applications. There acoustic characteristics enable them to serve as absorbers. It is the viscous losses that results in the conversion of energy to heat while sound waves navigate through the fibers or pores that are interconnected in the material. A porous material that is bonded with a barrier that is non-porous conducts the sound energy in waves that are in form of structure-borne. The characteristics which have the desirable influence on this wave form are the structural loss and bulk stiffness (Allard, 1993,p. 56). With reference to automotive applications, absorption is preferred at frequencies that are lower while the weight and thickness are to be limited. Porous materials with air flows resistance that are specific yet different have been identified as to achieve the results that are desired. However, the action of decreasing or increasing the given air flow resistance in order to achieve low frequency results affect high frequency performances. The review thus gives a presentation of a number of different material’s studies which illustrate such behavior. Several models such as the penalization approach demonstrate this behavior by simulating fluids inside and porous regions surrounding the obstacle. Such models are easy to implement and do not need a body fitting or a specific interface treatment. The models are successfully used in the introduction of new passive control methods that entail the imple mentation of a porous layer in between the fluid and the blue-body so as to change the characteristics of the boundary layer. Such a passive control model results in regularization that is drastic especially when it comes to high Reynolds numbers (Allard, 1992, p. 3349). Porous materials come in two phases, namely; the fibrous solid component termed as the frame and the interstitial fluid located in the pores resulting from the frame. Following their low density, porous materials cannot be generally used to make barriers but are commonly applied in the making of materials that absorb

Cultural Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Cultural Diversity - Essay Example Therefore, these issues need to be resolved at governmental as well as individual level. The United States has had an extensive history of diversity. Diversity has permeated in every aspect of the society of United State and there is no sign of it getting decreased. The new phenomenon which I learnt is the basic reason of cultural diversity, which is Immigration. Migration of people from all over the world has made America the most diversified country ever. People from every community, country and state are living in America. The cultural history of United States tells that the country has never been so much diverse until the last two decades. From the past 20 years, United States has undergone several challenges in managing with diversity. Inability to understand the diversified cultural languages, rituals, beliefs and heritage has become a major obstacle in the way of inclusion. Orientation of diversity includes interaction, experience and individual understanding with diverse culture. In the past few decades, millions of people migrated to America in the search of better life, job and security. Migrations of millions of people including Asians, Hispanics, African-American has caused great diversity in the states of America. According to an urban sociologist, Robert Lang, by 2050, Americans would look back and think that it wouldn’t be a big deal to control the immigration and diversity controversies. A demographer at Brookings Institution, William Frey, says that by looking at the current situation, the population of white people in next twenty years cannot be appreciated. According to his predictions, there are greater chances for America in future to have population comprising of all ethnicities and races. The realm of diversity in United States continues to grow as the time passes on. The reasons due to which practitioners are concerned to the issue of

Ecological survey of the Lime Cay Essay Example for Free

Ecological survey of the Lime Cay Essay Lime Cay, the man islet of the Port Royal Cays, located 17 degrees north and 76 degrees west, is one of the many cays in Jamaica. By definition, a cay is a small low elevated sandy island formed on the surface of a coral reef. These types of islands are usually found in the Caribbean Sea, Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Ocean. Also they are circular in shape. A cay is home to many different species due to the formation of habitats such as the rocky shore habitat. A cay is formed when the current of the ocean transport lose sediments across the surface of a reef to a depositional node, which is where two currents converge and the sediment load is released. Layers of deposited sediment gradually build up on the reef surface resulting in a low island forming on this reef. Cays provide a variety of habitats ranging from marine to terrestrial. Hence, Cays are important protectors of the biodiversity of our planet. Cays provide several habitats for its organisms such as rocky shores, sea grass beds, sand bed, coral beds and inner terrestrial land. Prominent organisms that occupy the marine and the coastal habitats include echinoderms, crabs, fishes etc. The terrestrial portion of Cay is usually dominated by various Mangrove species. Method: A trip was made to Lime Cay to carry out a comprehensive ecological study of Lime Cay. It was done in 4 parts: Project 1: The Impact of Man on the Environment Persons walked along the cay and waded in the water to find evidence of the presence of man to determine the ways in which he affects the habitat. Evidence of the presence of animals was also investigated and a possible food web was made based on the animals (or evidence of animals) that were observed. Project 2: Echinoderm Distribution A group of 8 swimmers went into the surrounding sea of the cay with snorkelling gear in order to observe the abundance and distribution of echinoderms in habitats where they were likely to be found. A quadrant was randomly thrown 5 times in each of the different sea habitats. These included the sea grass, sea sand and the rocky habitats. The number of echinoderms in the quadrant for each throw in each habitat was recorded in a table. Project 3: Mangrove Distribution Persons walked around the cay and into the mangrove, and identified the different mangrove types, making note of the characteristics of each plant, as well as the ambient conditions and how they could affect the distribution of the mangroves. Project 4: Rocky Shore Study A suitable area of the rocky shore was investigated and notes were made on how conditions in this area varied (in terms of temperature and salinity) and how organisms were adapted to live in this environment.

The Endangered Arabian Leopard Sociology Essay

The Endangered Arabian Leopard Sociology Essay This project is about investigating the biodiversity and the importance of preserving biodiversity. Each group have chosen an Arabian species to evaluate it and to investigate its status. Every member of the group has to write one part of the report. Investigating biodiversity, the status of the species and how can we protect this species from loss. And how can the society as a whole contribute to the preservation of the biodiversity and the specific species that we chose to write about. Biodiversity is a very important subject, as today the world is facing a biodiversity crises. The biodiversity crises basically means the loss of many types of different species on earth that humans lives depend on (IUCN, 2010). Biodiversity is the variety of life it is the variety of all species on the planet. Biodiversity contains all the different animals, plants, creatures, insects, microorganisms and it includes the diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. Biodiversity can be divided into three types Genetic diversity, organismal diversity, and ecological diversity. The genetic diversity covers the components of the genetic code that makeup organisms and the variations between the individuals in the population and between populations. Organismal diversity includes the taxonomic hierarchy from individuals to genera and beyond. Ecological diversity includes the scales of ecological differences from populations, niches, habitats, up to biomes (Gaston, K. Spicer , J. 2004). We have chosen to write about a very beautiful and amazing animal. This animal lives in parts of the Arabian peninsula. People used to kill it to save their cattle from being eaten by this animal, and then they used its nice patterned fur for decorating their homes, and they were also hunted for their teeth and claws (McGregor, T., Spalton, A. Hikmani, H. 2007). The animal that we will discuss is the Arabian Leopard, as we know that it is an endangered animal in the Arabian peninsula and we would like to explore more information about this gorgeous animal. Kingdom ANIMALIA Phylum CHORDATA Class MAMMALIA Order CARNIVORA Family FELIDAE Genus Panthera Species PANTHERA PARDUS Sub Species PANTHERA PARDUS NIMR The Arabian Leopard is one of the common names of this animal, the other common name is the South Arabian Leopard. The Arabian leopard is a sub species of the known leopard panthera pardus. The scientific name of the Arabian Leopard is Panthera pardus ssp. Nimr. The taxonomy of the Arabian Leopard is shown in the table below (IUCN, 2010). The trophic level of the Arabian leopard is Carnivore. The panthera pardus nimr is considered the smallest subspecies of leopards. Its total length is between 160 cm 220 cm, the length of its tail only is between 66 cm 100 cm. The Arabian leopard weight is between 28 kg 75 kg. The Arabian leopards has special small and widely spaced spots (Kingdon, j. 1991). The color of the Arabian leopards body is nearly pale brown or golden color. Its lower part of the body can be yellow or white. The spots are black and sometimes have the shape of a flower (Selim, M. El-Batanouny, K. n.d.) Hessa Aqab Shahin 200880840 The ecological niche means the species way of life or role in a community or an ecosystem and it includes everything that affects its survival and reproduction (Spoolman, S. Miller, T. 2008). The Arabian leopards depends on livestock, domestic goats, Arabian Tahr, and other small birds and mammals as a food source. The Arabian Leopard is considered a very powerful predator in the region where it is on control. The habitat of the Arabian leopard is mostly in mountainous and hilly areas and its rarely venture into open plains (McGregor, T., Spalton, A. Hikmani, H. 2007). Because of the lower numbers of the Arabian leopards in the region another predator has taken its place which is the Caracal (McGregor, T., Spalton, A. Hikmani, H. 2007). So the Caracal has taken over the Arabian leopards place and is occupying its area, and this can cause the Arabian leopards numbers to become less because there is another predator that is taking its food and habitat areas. According to local peopl e in Oman the Caracal is their enemy because it hunts their livestock in wadis and close to their homes while that Arabian leopard only preys on livestock in the mountains so they were aggressive towards that Caracal, they hunt it and kill it because it causes a lot of damage to them. Another thing that affected the Arabian leopards survival in the region is the constant civilization and building roads that reaches the top of the mountains, people also are taking its place by local housing expansion, over grazing, and farming (McGregor, T., Spalton, A. Hikmani, H. 2007). All these human activities and modernization are endangering the Arabian leopards survival in the region. Figure 1: http://www.biosphere-expeditions.org/images/stories/pdfs/reports/report-oman0607.pdf The Arabian leopard can only be seen in several areas in the Arabian peninsula. The distribution range of the Arabian leopard is shown in figure 1. Its distribution ranges from the mountains of Haqel in the north-west of Arabia, Yemen, the mountains of Hadramout to north-east of Oman, and the eastern mountains of the United Arab Emirates. The Arabian leopards extends from the rugged arid, to semi arid mountains along the coast of the Red Sea in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Al Johany, A. 2006). The figure below shows the distribution of the Arabian leopard in the Arabian peninsula and the neighboring region and it shows whether the Arabian leopard distribution is confirmed, probable, possible, or historical in that particular area. Hala Ibrahim 200601460 Species classified by Biologists that heading toward biological extinction as threatened, extinct and endangered species. Firstly, threatened species is a species that still abundant in its natural range but they continues to decrease and most likely to became endangered in the future. Also, threatened species can known as vulnerable species and the example of this kind of species is Dugong dugon. Secondly, some species not known in wild, it only can found in zoos or private collection such as Arabian Oryx and that an example of extinct species. Thirdly, an endangered species is a few numbers of organisms population that at risk to be extinct or threatened because of environmental changing or human impact and the Arabian leopard is an example of this species(Miller, T., Spoolman, S). Endangered species include 1 in 4 mammals, 1 in 8 birds and 1/3 of all amphibians(The plight of endangered species). However, many scientists and some university courses are focusing in this type of spe cies to preserve and protect them to not be extinction. Arabian leopard is one of this endangered species which estimated to no more than 250 mature individuals. Also, this number is subject to decline in the future which mean that Arabian leopards are able to be extinct because of the small population they have. The Arabian leopard was spread widely in the mountains of Arab countries such as Haqel in the northern part of Median Mountains, in Hijaz and the Sarawat Mountains. In addition, this leopard existed in the northern Yemen highlands, in the mountains of Ras al-Khaimah and the eastern region of UAE and in the Jebel Samhan and Dhofar mountains in Oman(Arabian leopard- critically endangered(CR)). However, the lack of awareness amongst the people in the past lead to decrease the numbers of leopards. What are the reasons that make species threatened and endangered? Hunting, killing and perishing are the causes of the reduction of Arabian leopard which mostly caused by people in a direct and indirect way. Sometimes leopards were killed accidentally when they was eating poisoned which is putted to wolves and hyenas. In 1986, four Arabian leopards killed in the Ras Al-Khaimah mountains in the UAE(Harman, A). Moreover, a recently killed leopard found in 1992 in the border area between Sultanate Oman and UAE, sadly, in the same area other two leopards found one of them killed and another injured. 50,000 leopard were killed during the early 1960s just in East Africa(Harman, A). In addition, some of farmers and cattle herdsmen are forced to kill the Arabian leopard to save them self and their livestock because they thought that leopard are attacking and killing their goats and may attack them and people who live around. On the other hand, some people are killing and hunting the Arabian leopards because of the commercial value they have. Hunters take the advantages from leopards through selling their skins and the leopard furs and that happened with some traders in Africa and Yemen(Harman, A). This kind of illegal situation could increase the income of traders but affect negatively in Arabian leopards which make them endangered and threatens their population. Habitat destruction it also considered as the most serious cause that threatens species when it mean the complete lose of areas with it all resources that species need to survive(Miller, T., Spoolman, S). Unfortunately, the increase of peoples population has a negative effect in areas that mammal live in, there is always a new construction of shopping malls, parks, developed houses and factories. Also, there is a daily cut of forests and Hala Ibrahim 200601460 grassland in areas that Arabian leopard and other mammals live in (Kirkland, G). Species are basically need food, shelter, water and the proper environment as human needs to survive and live in suitable environment (Bailey, R.) . Moreover, habitat fragmentation which represent the isolation of areas to many sections and make it difficult for species to feeding, migration and mating. Also, the number of Arabian leopard declined because of the reduction in numbers of deer and bucks that live in the mountain area that leopard live in and characterize as the main source of food for leopard(Arabian Leopard). Species affected by changing and rendering habitat and that changes come from draining wetlands, constructing flood-control reservoir and plowing native grasslands. Directly or indirectly, Arabian leopard can be affected and died because of the environmental pollution, that pollution can limiting and reducing the needs of the mammals. Some mammals die after drinking waters that contai ned a cyanide(Kirkland, G). Endangered species has some certain common characteristics that shared with other endangered and extinct species such as the large size. Some of endangered species has a large size which need hundreds or thousands of acres to support their population , when other mammals such mice need a small woodlot to live in. Also, endangered species has a low productive rate because some mammals naturally produce just one offspring each year and it is difficult to recover rabidly if the mortality rate is high(Kirkland, G). Compared to small rodents, they are able to produce many large litters in each year. Endangered mammals and Arabian leopards can also considered as a species that has a small population, rare and has high trophic level. Mammals as Arabian leopard become threatened if the specialized habitats they live in is widely separated to many spaces and in small sizes, because these species need a large areas in order to find their priorities of food and water to survive. Figure 2: http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/oman-yemen-tie-up-urged-to-save-leopards-1.18006 Haya Sultan 200520663 Over the last million years, nearly five mass extinctions have occurred since the beginning of the universe. They either determine the end of an era of time or the beginning of another. The Ordovician-Silurian extinction, the late Devonian extinction, the Premian-Triassic extinction, the Triassic-Jurassic extinction and the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction was the five mass extinctions. Figure 3 Figure 3 Each one of them had causes, in the end of the Ordovician extinction about 447 until 444 million years ago; mark the border between the Ordovician period and the period following which is the Silurian. In that extinction there were several important changes in the size of carbon isotopes of essentials of the reaction and the biology of oxygen. Those changes refer to classified different stages in a single event. At that time, complex multicellular organisms lived in the sea, and about 100 families of them covers about 49 percent of the marine. More reliable estimate of species of the animals has become extinct. The earth lost brachiopods and small bi-valve bryozoans colonials, along with many families of trilobites and graptolites (small colonial marine animals). The late Devonian extinction was equivalent to the global cooling and has been suggested as a cause of extinction of the Devonian, as is also suspected of causing the extinction of the terminal Ordovician. Climate change and the drop of sea level caused the Premian-Triassic extinction also. In the Triassic-Jurassic extinction and the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, the scientist said that a volcano caused it. Volcanoes release a range of Haya Sultan 200520663 gases into the stratosphere of which SO2 and CO2 are volumetrically the most important (Devine, J.D. Sigurdsson, H. Davis, A.N. (1984). Those causes that happened in the past naturally happened. But nowadays, we might face another mass extinction but this time humans are the main cause of it. The causes nowadays are many. First on is the destruction of species habitat and fragmentation. We remove many forests either to use the trees in making furniture or papers or either to make papers, which destroys lot habitats of many kinds of species. Second thing is rapid human population growth. Which means more land to be cleared to build houses and facilities. Third cause is genetic pollution. Pollution caused by factories and transportations. Forth cause is Global warming. According to wildlife Middle East news they said, The recent rapid decline of the Arabian leopard is due to a variety of reasons, most of which are caused by people. Rapid human population growth causes encroachment into wilderness areas, putting pressure on leopards and other wild. Depletion by hunting of natural prey such as Nubian ibex (Capra ibex), Arabian tahr (Hemitragus jayakari), Mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella cora), and rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) leaves little for leopards to eat so some are forced to prey on livestock. This leads to conflicts with villagers who kill leopards in order to protect their herds. Wealthy animal collectors who pay huge sums for Arabian Leopards encourage the trapping of leopards for the illegal market. Different sectaries in the UAE are taking action to protect the Arabian leopard. In 1993, the UAE set up the Arabian leopard trust which is planning to protect its habitat in the mountains, and conserving native Arabian wildlife in general. The Arabian Leopard Trust is trying to maintain the impact on the Arabian leopard locally and globally. Also in Sharjah there is a breeding center which successfully had the third litter of cubs born. We as individuals we can help protecting the Arabian leopard by stop introducing non-native animals and leave them in the wild. Also recycling and reducing pollution helps. Not just the Arabian Leopard, but also all the species that are threaten and endangered. And government can help by protect the mountainous habitats and set laws to stop hunters from threaten the Arabian leopard. The media also have a very big impact on people. It can spread awareness among people about endangers animals and how can we help in protecting them. Summary conclusion: Biodiversity means the variety of life on earth. The Arabian leopard is an Arabian animal that faces the danger of being extinct. Endangered species as Arabian leopard is a species that still abundant in wild but their population are able to decline. Human impact and environmental pollution has a significant role of the reduction of Arabian leopards population. This endangered leopard has some common characteristics such as low productive, small population and large size. There are also some initiatives done to protect this animal from loss. After doing research and writing this report we found out that animals and different species in the entire world are very important. Each and every animal, insect, plant, or even bacteria has an important role in this ecosystem and in maintaining the balance of life on earth. All these different species, both the ones we discovered and the ones we didnt, are interconnected in a way or another. For example the species that we based our report abou t; the Arabian leopard, has mostly disappeared from many regions so another animal took its place in that area like the caracal who is now attacking cattle more than the Arabian leopard would do if it was in its normal region. And this thing affects the ecosystem there. So we noticed that if any species is lost it affects the ecosystem in some way; thats why we should be concerned about saving the species and preventing them from loss, because we want to live in a balanced healthy world. And the species loss is breaking the balance and the harmony of life. Islam is a very merciful religion for both humans and animals. For example there is Hadith Sharif a saying by prophet Mohammed peace be upon him Narrated Abu Huraira: Allahs Apostle said, While a man was walking on a road. he became very thirsty. Then he came across a well, got down into it, drank (of its water) and then came out. Meanwhile he saw a dog panting and licking mud because of excessive thirst. The man said to himself This dog is suffering from the same state of thirst as I did. So he went down the well (again) and filled his shoe (with water) and held it in his mouth and watered the dog. Allah thanked him for that deed and forgave him. The people asked, O Allahs Apostle! Is there a reward for us in serving the animals? He said, (Yes) There is a reward for serving any animate (living being) . (Good Manners and form, n.d.). Thats why we should protect biodiversity out of our religion, and even out of the persons values also. If the status of our species was reevaluated when we are 50 years old. We think that Arabian leopards will be extinct in the wild, but there will be some raised in captivities and wildlife preserves. As we notice this huge development and change in the habitat of this species which lives in the mountains. But if the concerns about its loss started from now the situation might improve and we might have an increase in the numbers of the Arabian leopards. But they would probably be raised in places far from this development and they might create more preserves to save what can be saved from its habitat.

The Dani 1962 :: essays research papers

Balien Valley, New Guinea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dani tribe lives in the Balien Valley of New Guinea. The Valley is very green and full of tropical life. The tribe is spread among a network of small villages. Each village consists of ten to thirty individuals of the same or closely related family. Villagers live in huts made of local grasses and sticks. The women farm while the men the weave and protect the tribe from enemy raids.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dani are in constant warfare with a neighboring tribe. They believe that if someone dies from enemy hands then they have to be avenged. Wars are mostly fought to avenge deaths, to settle quarrels between the tribes, and just because some enjoyed fighting. Wars are fought with bow and arrows and spears with barbs, the barbs attach themselves in the enemy’s flesh, making it very painful to remove. Warfare is very structured and full of rules to which both sides comply. Battles do not begin until both sides have all their men present. No wars or raids take place at night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ghosts control the people by fear. The ghosts come from discontent or neglected spirits of the dead. Ghosts dominate the night. They strike fear into all. During the night they hide along the paths and wait to eat whoever passes. The ghosts also eat the people’s food, the bananas in the forest and the crops in the gardens. Since the ghosts are so feared the people take preventative steps to make sure that their tribe’s spirits are always content. When a tribe member is killed, the tribe must avenge that death or they go through spiritual decline. The dead are bathed with pig fat or else their spirit would feel neglected. A Wyantonafe, Pig Treasure Ceremony, renews their spiritual self and strengthens the community’s spirits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the mourning the men go to their towers to watch for enemy advancements, during this time the men also weave. Women do not weave, most of the older women wouldn’t be able to because fingers are cut off after a death of a close family member. If the men see no sign of the enemy they set a fire telling the women that it’s safe to go to their farms. The men only do the farms hardest work. The women do work around the huts and in the farm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The children learn the their roles in the tribe by imitating those older than them.